TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2000//
TI  - Collective teacher efficacy: its meaning, measure, and impact on student achievement
JO  - American educational research journal
A1  - Goddard, Roger D.
A1  - Hoy, Wayne K.
A1  - Hoy, Anita Woolfolk
SP  - 479
EP  - 507
VL  - 37
IS  - 2
N2  - This article is a theoretical and empirical analysis of the construct of collective teacher efficacy. First, a model of collective efficacy was elaborated for use in schools. Then, an operational measure of collective teacher efficacy was developed, tested, and found to have strong reliability and reasonable validity. Finally, using the instrument to examine urban elementary schools in one large midwestern district, collective teacher efficacy was positively associated with differences between schools in student-level achievement in both reading and mathematics.<p /> 
LA  - 
SN  - 0002-8312
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/00028312037002479
ID  - ref1
ER  -