TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2012//
TI  - E-bikes and urban transportation: emerging issues and unresolved questions
JO  - Transportation
A1  - Rose, Geoffrey
SP  - 81
EP  - 96
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
N2  - A range of factors, including improvements in battery and motor technology coupled with innovative industrial design, are contributing to the emergence of electric bicycles (E-bikes) with greater range and enhanced performance. This paper examines this emerging vehicle type within the context of sustainable transport. Mobility, safety and environmental impacts are considered. While governments could employ a range of policy instruments to respond to the opportunities and threats presented by these vehicles, the primary focus internationally is on vehicle standards. A review of regulations in different countries highlights little consistency in the parameters used to regulate E-bikes. Unresolved issues are identified to guide future research on this vehicle type.<p />
LA  - 
SN  - 0049-4488
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11116-011-9328-y
ID  - ref1
ER  -