TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2002//
TI  - Real-time eye, gaze, and face pose tracking for monitoring driver vigilance
JO  - Real-time imaging
A1  - Ji, Qiang
A1  - Yang, Xiaojie
SP  - 357
EP  - 377
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
N2  - This paper describes a real-time prototype computer vision system for monitoring driver vigilance. The main components of the system consists of a remotely located video CCD camera, a specially designed hardware system for real-time image acquisition and for controlling the illuminator and the alarm system, and various computer vision algorithms for simultaneously, real-time and non-intrusively monitoring various visual bio-behaviors that typically characterize a driver's level of vigilance. The visual behaviors include eyelid movement, face orientation, and gaze movement (pupil movement). The system was tested in a simulating environment with subjects of different ethnic backgrounds, different genders, ages, with/without glasses, and under different illumination conditions, and it was found very robust, reliable and accurate.<p /> 
LA  - 
SN  - 1077-2014
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rtim.2002.0279
ID  - ref1
ER  -