TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2002//
TI  - A defining presidential moment: 9/11 and the rally effect
JO  - Political psychology
A1  - Schubert, James N.
A1  - Stewart, Patrick A.
A1  - Curran, Margaret Ann
SP  - 559
EP  - 583
VL  - 23
IS  - 3
N2  - Public approval ratings of George W. Bush surged after the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks. This study used a quasi-experimental, within-respondents design to investigate the relative contribution of five factors to this classic rally effect: the stimulus event itself, Bush's speech that evening, media exposure, partisan support, and gender effects. Respondents were pretested on the morning of the attacks; one group was posttested immediately after the speech, another group 41 hours later. Stability of effects was examined through an additional study of Bush's 20 September 2001 speech to a joint session of Congress. The findings indicate that Bush's 11 September speech was the critical factor in this rally effect; none of the other factors contributed significantly.<p /> <p>Language: en</p> 
LA  - en
SN  - 0162-895X
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00298
ID  - ref1
ER  -