TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2005//
TI  - Effects of different design parameters on the stone-impact resistance of automotive windshields
JO  - Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of automobile engineering
A1  - Sun, Xiaoduan
A1  - Khaleel, M. A.
SP  - 1059
EP  - 1067
VL  - 219
IS  - 9
N2  - A constitutive model based on continuum damage mechanics is used to study the stone-impact resistance of automotive windshields. An axisymmetric finite element model is created to simulate the transient dynamic response and impact-induced damage tensors for laminated glass layers subject to stone-impact loading. The windshield glass consists of two glass outer layers laminated by a thin poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) layer. The constitutive behaviour of the glass layers is simulated using the continuum damage mechanics model with linear damage evolution. The PVB layer is modelled with a linear viscoelastic solid. The model is used to predict and examine damage patterns on different glass surfaces for different windshield designs including variations in ply thickness and curvatures.<p /> <p>Language: en</p> 
LA  - en
SN  - 0954-4070
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705X34784
ID  - ref1
ER  -