TY - JOUR
PY - 2012//
TI - Drunk and disorganised: relationships between bar characteristics and customer intoxication in European drinking environments
JO - International journal of environmental research and public health
A1 - Hughes, Karen
A1 - Quigg, Zara
A1 - Bellis, Mark A.
A1 - Calafat, Amador
A1 - Hasselt, Ninette van
A1 - Kosir, Matej
A1 - Voorham, Lotte
A1 - Goossens, Ferry X.
A1 - Duch, Mariàngels
A1 - Juan, Montse
SP - 4068
EP - 4082
VL - 9
IS - 11
N2 - Preventing alcohol-related harm in drinking environments is a growing international priority. Factors relating to the physical, social and staffing environments in bars can contribute to increased alcohol consumption and harm. Understanding the relationships between such factors and intoxication in European drinking environments is critical to developing appropriate interventions. We undertook a quantitative observational study in 60 bars in four European cities, in The Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain and the UK (n = 237 observational visits). Using a structured observational schedule, researchers recorded characteristics of the bar environment and rated customer intoxication levels. All physical bar characteristics showed associations with intoxication before interactions between them were controlled for. Hierarchical modelling found significant independent associations between intoxication and use of plastic glassware, promotion of non-alcoholic drinks (often energy drinks), permissive environments, poor washroom facilities, the presence of a dance floor, customer sexual activity/competitiveness and later observational time. Findings suggest that prevention efforts should focus on raising and enforcing managerial standards in bars. While harm reduction measures such as plastic glassware are often promoted for high risk bars, such measures are inadequate to address public health concerns and insufficient to demonstrate social responsibility. Language: en
LA - en
SN - 1661-7827
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9114068
ID - ref1
ER -