TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2010//
TI  - Effects of working memory load and repeated scenario exposure on emergency braking performance
JO  - Human factors
A1  - Engström, Johan A.
A1  - Aust, Mikael Ljung
A1  - Viström, Matias
SP  - 551
EP  - 559
VL  - 52
IS  - 5
N2  - OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of working memory load on drivers' responses to a suddenly braking lead vehicle and whether this effect (if any) is moderated by repeated scenario exposure. BACKGROUND: Several experimental studies have found delayed braking responses to lead vehicle braking events during concurrent performance of nonvisual, working memory-loading tasks, such as hands-free phone conversation. However, the common use of repeated, and hence somewhat expected, braking events may undermine the generalizability of these results to naturalistic, unexpected, emergency braking scenarios. METHOD: A critical lead vehicle braking scenario was implemented in a fixed-based simulator.The effects of working memory load and repeated scenario exposure on braking performance were examined. RESULTS: Brake response time was decomposed into accelerator pedal release time and accelerator-to-brake pedal movement time. Accelerator pedal release times were strongly reduced with repeated scenario exposure and were delayed by working memory load with a small but significant amount (178 ms).The two factors did not interact. There were no effects on accelerator-to-brake pedal movement time. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that effects of working memory load on response performance obtained from repeated critical lead vehicle braking scenarios may be validly generalized to real world unexpected events. APPLICATION: The results have important implications for the interpretation of braking performance in experimental settings, in particular in the context of safety-related evaluation of in-vehicle information and communication technologies.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0018-7208
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/
ID  - ref1
ER  -