TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2004//
TI  - Escalation/de-escalation patterns of behavioral symptoms of persons with dementia
JO  - Aging and mental health
A1  - Woods, D. L.
A1  - Rapp, C. G.
A1  - Beck, C.
SP  - 126
EP  - 132
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
N2  - Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) may be framed within the Needs Driven Dementia-Compromised Behavior (NBD) Model. Current literature suggests that BPSD may escalate. Several researchers have described a sequence of behavioral escalation that has a clear starting point and ending point. This 'ideal' or concatenated sequence is used to explain behavior that begins with relatively calm behavior and progresses through a prescribed sequence of behaviors that end in violence. This article presents two studies, a descriptive study and an intervention study that examine the escalation and de-escalation patterns of BPSD. Results of the descriptive study indicate a dominant pattern of agitation, aggression, and agitation while results of the intervention study, using sequential analysis indicate persistence of behavior from one 20-minute period to another. The persistence of vocalization at intensity level 2 changed from pre-intervention (mean conditional probability 29%) to post-intervention (mean conditional probability 13%). Taken together these studies shed light on the pattern of escalation and de-escalation of BPSD and suggest an intervention to alter behavior persistence. This article discusses methodological challenges of measuring the escalation and de-escalation of BPSD and offers suggestions for analysis and design such as time series and sequential analysis.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1360-7863
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607860410001649635
ID  - ref1
ER  -