TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2004//
TI  - Depression, negative self-image, and suicidal attempts as effects of substance use and substance dependence
JO  - Journal of addictive diseases
A1  - Friedman, Alfred S.
A1  - Terras, Arlene
A1  - Zhu, Weizhong
A1  - McCallum, Jean
SP  - 55
EP  - 71
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
N2  - The main purpose of this study was to compare, separately by gender, the degree to which cocaine use/abuse, marijuana use/ abuse, and alcohol use/abuse each predict to developing either: a state of depression, or a negative self-image, or a negative personal outlook or for making a suicidal attempt. The study sample of 431 inner-city, African-American subjects, derived from the National Collaborative Perinatal Project (NCPP), were retrieved for the fourth time, at average age 37. RESULTS: (1) For the female sample, there were more predictions and relatively stronger predictions from the use/abuse of and from the dependence on illicit drugs, to a subsequent negative self-image and to a negative personal outlook. For the male sample, there were relatively more predictions to making suicide attempts. (2) Of the three types of substances, cocaine use/abuse predicted to the greatest number of negative outcomes; and alcohol use/abuse predicted to no negative outcomes.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1055-0887
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J069v23n04_05
ID  - ref1
ER  -