TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2013//
TI  - A winning smile? Smile intensity, physical dominance, and fighter performance
JO  - Emotion
A1  - Kraus, Michael W.
A1  - Chen, Teh-Way David
SP  - 270
EP  - 279
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
N2  - The smile is perhaps the most widely studied facial expression of emotion, and in this article we examine its status as a sign of physical dominance. We reason, on the basis of prior research, that prior to a physical confrontation, smiles are a nonverbal sign of reduced hostility and aggression, and thereby unintentionally communicate reduced physical dominance. Two studies provide evidence in support of this prediction: Study 1 found that professional fighters who smiled more in a prefight photograph taken facing their opponent performed more poorly during the fight in relation to their less intensely smiling counterparts. In Study 2, untrained observers judged a fighter as less hostile and aggressive, and thereby less physically dominant when the fighters' facial expression was manipulated to show a smiling expression in relation to the same fighter displaying a neutral expression. Discussion focused on the reasons why smiles are associated with decreased physical dominance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved).<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1528-3542
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0030745
ID  - ref1
ER  -