TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2011//
TI  - Masculinity as a key risk and protective factor to male interpersonal violence : an exploratory and critical review : research and theory
JO  - African safety promotion
A1  - Lazarus, Sandy
A1  - Tonsing, Susanne
A1  - Ratele, Kopano
A1  - van Niekerk, Ashley
SP  - 23
EP  - 50
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
N2  - This article presents a broad and exploratory review of, as well as critical engagement with, the literature on risks and protective factors to male interpersonal violence. The qualitative, thematic content analysis of 365 South African and international articles revealed a range of risk and protective factors relating to male interpersonal violence victimisation and perpetration. The risk and protective factors were clustered and are presented within the four levels of the ecological framework, namely, the individual, relationship, community and societal levels. However, a common yet paradoxical factor, across the  different ecological levels, is the link between ruling masculinity norms and masculine identity  to various risks as well as protective factors - pointing to a need for critical interrogation and  further empirical research. The article argues that while other interventions such as those addressing socio-economic challenges related to violence victimisation and perpetration are doubtless important, the need to focus on the making of positive masculinity was identified as a key  protective and violence prevention focus. In conclusion, we argue for more emphasis on the  promotion of positive masculinities for the purposes of promoting safety and peace.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - 
SN  - 
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/
ID  - ref1
ER  -