TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2013//
TI  - Comparing the effects of infrastructure on bicycling injury at intersections and non-intersections using a case-crossover design
JO  - Injury prevention
A1  - Harris, M. Anne
A1  - Reynolds, Conor C. O.
A1  - Winters, Meghan
A1  - Cripton, Peter A.
A1  - Shen, Hui
A1  - Chipman, Mary L.
A1  - Cusimano, Michael D.
A1  - Babul, Shelina
A1  - Brubacher, Jeffrey R.
A1  - Friedman, Steven Marc
A1  - Hunte, Garth
A1  - Monro, Melody
A1  - Vernich, Lee
A1  - Teschke, Kay
SP  - 303
EP  - 310
VL  - 19
IS  - 5
N2  - BACKGROUND: This study examined the impact of transportation infrastructure at intersection and non-intersection locations on bicycling injury risk. METHODS: In Vancouver and Toronto, we studied adult cyclists who were injured and treated at a hospital emergency department. A case-crossover design compared the infrastructure of injury and control sites within each injured bicyclist's route. Intersection injury sites (N=210) were compared to randomly selected intersection control sites (N=272). Non-intersection injury sites (N=478) were compared to randomly selected non-intersection control sites (N=801). RESULTS: At intersections, the types of routes meeting and the intersection design influenced safety. Intersections of two local streets (no demarcated traffic lanes) had approximately one-fifth the risk (adjusted OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.66) of intersections of two major streets (more than two traffic lanes). Motor vehicle speeds less than 30 km/h also reduced risk (adjusted OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.92). Traffic circles (small roundabouts) on local streets increased the risk of these otherwise safe intersections (adjusted OR 7.98, 95% CI 1.79 to 35.6). At non-intersection locations, very low risks were found for cycle tracks (bike lanes physically separated from motor vehicle traffic; adjusted OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.59) and local streets with diverters that reduce motor vehicle traffic (adjusted OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.003 to 0.60). Downhill grades increased risks at both intersections and non-intersections. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide guidance for transportation planners and engineers: at local street intersections, traditional stops are safer than traffic circles, and at non-intersections, cycle tracks alongside major streets and traffic diversion from local streets are safer than no bicycle infrastructure.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1353-8047
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040561
ID  - ref1
ER  -