TY - JOUR PY - 1998// TI - Substance Use/Abuse as a Predictor to Illegal and Violent Behavior: A Review of the Relevant Literature JO - Aggression and violent behavior A1 - Friedman, Alfred S. SP - 339 EP - 356 VL - 3 IS - 4 N2 - The preponderance of the research evidence supports the conclusion that abuse of certain types of illicit drugs, separately from the abuse of alcohol, predisposes to subsequent violent behavior. The relationship of cocaine/crack to violent crime has been established more clearly for users of crack in inner city areas than it has for those who are users of other forms of cocaine in the general population. In regard to any race/ethnic or socioeconomic factors in the relationships between substance use/abuse and violent behavior, most clearly established is that a higher proportion of young Black males, compared to other race/ethnic groups, are actively involved in dealing cocaine/crack in some inner city poverty areas. As for gender differences, the research evidence indicates that alcohol abuse as a predictor to and a precipitant of violent behavior, is more clearly established for males than for females. Drug abuse, as distinct from alcohol abuse, has been found to predict subsequent violent behavior, for females as well as for males. "Co-morbidity," the combination of substance use with and psychopathology, appears more likely to predict for females to later violent behavior. Psychopathology and mental health problems are less likely to predict occurrence of either violent or criminal behavior in the future than are either alcohol abuse or drug abuse. (Abstract Adapted from Source: Aggression and Violent Behavior, 1998. Copyright © 1998 by Elsevier Science) Literature Review Adult Substance Use Adult Offender Adult Violence Substance Use Effects Violence Predictors Violence Causes Alcohol Use Effects Drug Use Effects Drug Related Violence Alcohol Related Violence Adult Psychopathology Offender Psychopathology 11-99

LA - en SN - 1359-1789 UR - http://dx.doi.org/ ID - ref1 ER -