TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2014//
TI  - Pediatric chloral hydrate poisonings and death following outpatient procedural sedation
JO  - Journal of medical toxicology
A1  - Nordt, Sean Patrick
A1  - Rangan, Cyrus
A1  - Hardmaslani, Madhu
A1  - Clark, Richard F.
A1  - Wendler, Carlan
A1  - Valente, Michael
SP  - 219
EP  - 222
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
N2  - INTRODUCTION: Chloral hydrate has been used medicinally since the 1800 s as a sedative hypnotic, most commonly for procedural sedation. As it is administered orally and available in a liquid formulation, it is used almost exclusively in pediatric patients despite many safer and more effective alternative agents being available. CASE SERIES: We present three cases of pediatric chloral hydrate poisoning, all occurring following procedural sedation in outpatient clinic settings and presenting to the emergency department. The ages ranged from 15 months to 4 years of age and all required resuscitation. Unfortunately, the 4-year-old died. CONCLUSION: Choral hydrate is associated with significant adverse effects, including death, and safer alternatives for pediatric procedural sedation should be sought and utilized. There are a number of more effective sedative agents with more predictable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles than chloral hydrate including parenteral and oral agents. The practice of pre-procedure sedation should be performed only in a supervised setting where cardiorespiratory monitoring can occur in all cases.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1556-9039
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13181-013-0358-z
ID  - ref1
ER  -