TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2014//
TI  - Isolated primary blast alters neuronal function with minimal cell death in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures
JO  - Journal of neurotrauma
A1  - Effgen, Gwen Brink
A1  - Vogel, Edward
A1  - Lynch, Kimberly A.
A1  - Lobel, Ayelet
A1  - Hue, Christopher Donald
A1  - Meaney, David
A1  - Bass, Cameron 'dale'
A1  - Morrison, Barclay
SP  - 1202
EP  - 1210
VL  - 31
IS  - 13
N2  - An increasing number of U.S. soldiers are diagnosed with traumatic brain injury (TBI) following exposure to blast. In the field, blast injury biomechanics are highly complex and multiphasic. The pathobiology caused by exposure to some of these phases in isolation, such as penetrating or inertially-driven injuries, has been investigated extensively. However, it is unclear whether the primary component of blast, a shock wave, is capable of causing pathology on its own. Previous in vivo studies in the rodent and pig have demonstrated that it is difficult to deliver a primary blast (i.e. shock wave only) without rapid head accelerations and potentially confounding effects of inertially-driven TBI. We have previously developed a well-characterized shock tube and custom in vitro receiver for exposing organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSC) to pure primary blast. In this study, isolated primary blast induced minimal hippocampal cell death (on average below 14% in any region of interest), even for the most severe blasts tested (424 kPa peak pressure, 2.3 ms overpressure duration, and 248 kPa-ms impulse). In contrast, measures of electrophysiological function were significantly altered at much lower exposures (336 kPa, 0.84 ms, 86.5 kPa-ms), indicating that functional changes occur at exposures below the threshold for cell death. This is the first study to investigate a tolerance for primary blast-induced brain cell death in response to a range of blast parameters and to demonstrate functional deficits at sub-threshold exposures for cell death.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0897-7151
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/neu.2013.3227
ID  - ref1
ER  -