TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2014//
TI  - Oppositional defiant- and conduct disorder-like problems: neurodevelopmental predictors and genetic background in boys and girls, in a nationwide twin study
JO  - PeerJ
A1  - Kerekes, Nóra
A1  - Lundström, Sebastian
A1  - Chang, Zheng
A1  - Tajnia, Armin
A1  - Jern, Patrick
A1  - Lichtenstein, Paul
A1  - Nilsson, Thomas
A1  - Anckarsäter, Henrik
SP  - e359
EP  - e359
VL  - 2
IS  - 
N2  - Background. Previous research has supported gender-specific aetiological factors in oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD). The aims of this study were to identify gender-specific associations between the behavioural problems-ODD/CD-like problems-and the neurodevelopmental disorders-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-and to investigate underlying genetic effects. <br><br>METHODS. 17,220 twins aged 9 or 12 were screened using the Autism-Tics, AD/HD and other Comorbidities inventory. The main covariates of ODD- and CD-like problems were investigated, and the relative importance of unique versus shared hereditary and environmental effects was estimated using twin model fitting. <br><br>RESULTS. Social interaction problems (one of the ASD subdomains) was the strongest neurodevelopmental covariate of the behavioural problems in both genders, while ADHD-related hyperactivity/impulsiveness in boys and inattention in girls stood out as important covariates of CD-like problems. Genetic effects accounted for 50%-62% of the variance in behavioural problems, except in CD-like problems in girls (26%). Genetic and environmental effects linked to ADHD and ASD also influenced ODD-like problems in both genders and, to a lesser extent, CD-like problems in boys, but not in girls. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS. The gender-specific patterns should be considered in the assessment and treatment, especially of CD.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 2167-8359
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.359
ID  - ref1
ER  -