TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2014//
TI  - Does bullying victimization suppress IQ? The effects of bullying victimization on IQ in Iraqi and African American adolescents: a traumatology perspective
JO  - Journal of aggression, maltreatment and trauma
A1  - Kira, Ibrahim A.
A1  - Lewandowski, Linda
A1  - Ashby, Jeffrey S.
A1  - Somers, Cheryl
A1  - Chiodo, Lisa
A1  - Odenat, Lydia
SP  - 431
EP  - 453
VL  - 23
IS  - 5
N2  - This study explored the effects of bullying victimization (BV), as a Type II traumatic stressor, on intelligence quotient (IQ), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and complex PTSD symptoms. Participants were 390 African American and Iraqi refugee adolescents. Measures of BV, cumulative life trauma, PTSD, discrimination, and IQ were administered. Correlational, multilevel regression, and path analyses were conducted. BV, independent of cumulative trauma, and discrimination were found to have significant direct effects on increased PTSD symptoms and significant direct and indirect negative effects on perceptual reasoning, processing speed, and working memory. BV was also associated with increases in the discrepancy between perceptual reasoning and verbal comprehension. The implications of these results for the prevention and treatment of bullying victims are discussed.<p />
LA  - en
SN  - 1092-6771
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2014.904463
ID  - ref1
ER  -