TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2014//
TI  - Patterns of change in implementation of state alcohol control policies in the United States, 1999-2011
JO  - Addiction
A1  - Nelson, Toben F.
A1  - Xuan, Ziming
A1  - Blanchette, Jason G.
A1  - Heeren, Timothy C.
A1  - Naimi, Timothy S.
SP  - 59
EP  - 68
VL  - 110
IS  - 1
N2  - AIMS: To examine state alcohol control policy implementation by policy efficacy and intent. <br><br>DESIGN: A descriptive longitudinal analysis of policy implementation. SETTING: The United States, 1999-2011. PARTICIPANTS: 50 states and the District of Columbia. MEASUREMENTS: 29 state-level policies were rated based on an implementation rating (IR; range = 0.0-1.0) gathered from the Alcohol Policy Information System, government and industry reports, and other sources; and expert judgment about policy efficacy for addressing binge drinking and alcohol-impaired driving among the general population and youth, respectively.  FINDINGS: On average, implementation of the most effective general population policies did not change (mean IR 0.366 in 1999; 0.375 in 2011; slope for annual change = 0.001; 95% confidence interval for the slope -0.001, 0.002). In contrast, implementation increased over time for less effective policies (mean IR 0.287 in 1999; 0.427 in 2011; slope for annual change compared with most effective policies = 0.009; slope 95% CI 0.002-0.007), youth-oriented policies (mean IR 0.424 in 1999; 0.511 in 2011; slope for annual change compared with most effective policies = 0.007; slope 95% CI 0.005-0.009), and impaired driving policies (mean IR 0.493 in 1999; 0.608 in 2011; slope for annual change compared with most effective policies = 0.0105; slope 95% CI 0.007-0.014). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of politically palatable state alcohol policies, such as those targeting youth and alcohol-impaired driving, and less effective policies increased during 1999-2011 in the US, while the most effective policies that may maximally protect public health remained underused.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0965-2140
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.12706
ID  - ref1
ER  -