TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2014//
TI  - Alcohol and sleep restriction combined reduces vigilant attention, whereas sleep restriction alone enhances distractibility
JO  - Sleep
A1  - Lee, James
A1  - Manousakis, Jessica
A1  - Fielding, Joanne
A1  - Anderson, Clare
SP  - 765
EP  - 775
VL  - 38
IS  - 5
N2  - STUDY OBJECTIVES:  Alcohol and sleep loss are leading causes of motor vehicle crashes, whereby attention failure is a core causal factor. Despite a plethora of data describing the effect of alcohol and sleep loss on vigilant attention, little is known about their effect on voluntary and involuntary visual attention processes.  DESIGN:  Repeated-measures, counterbalanced design.  SETTING:  Controlled laboratory setting.  PARTICIPANTS:  Sixteen young (18-27 y; M = 21.90 ± 0.60 y) healthy males.  INTERVENTIONS:  Participants completed an attention test battery during the afternoon (13:00-14:00) under four counterbalanced conditions: (1) baseline; (2) alcohol (0.05% breath alcohol concentration); (3) sleep restriction (02:00-07:00); and (4) alcohol/sleep restriction combined. This test battery included a Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) as a measure of vigilant attention, and two ocular motor tasks-visually guided and antisaccade-to measure the involuntary and voluntary allocation of visual attention.  MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS:  Only the combined condition led to reductions in vigilant attention characterized by slower mean reaction time, fastest 10% responses, and increased number of lapses (P < 0.05) on the PVT. In addition, the combined condition led to a slowing in the voluntary allocation of attention as reflected by increased antisaccade latencies (P < 0.05). Sleep restriction alone however increased both antisaccade inhibitory errors [45.8% errors versus < 28.4% all others; P < 0.001] and the involuntary allocation of attention, as reflected by faster visually guided latencies (177.7 msec versus > 185.0 msec all others) to a peripheral target (P < 0.05).  CONCLUSIONS:  Our data reveal specific signatures for sleep related attention failure: the voluntary allocation of attention is impaired, whereas the involuntary allocation of attention is enhanced. This provides key evidence for the role of distraction in attention failure during sleep loss.  © 2015 Associated Professional Sleep Societies, LLC.      Keywords: Driver distraction; alcohol; sleep restriction, vigilance<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0161-8105
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/
ID  - ref1
ER  -