TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2015//
TI  - Awful face of the war-impacted smoke bomb capsule in the face and systemic toxicity: reports from the conflict in Syria
JO  - Journal of cranialfacial surgery
A1  - Yilmaz, Bahar
A1  - Yeşiloğlu, Nebil
A1  - Firincioğullari, Remzi
A1  - Gökkaya, Ali
A1  - Özbey, Rafet
A1  - Özgür, Mustafa
SP  - 167
EP  - 169
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
N2  - In this study, a rare kind of injury due to smoke bomb capsule impaction to midface and under the cranial base is presented, and maneuvers to reduce mortality are discussed.    Three male patients were presented with impacted smoke bomb capsules into the midface and under the cranial base structures. Midface structures, anterior cranial base, and, in 2 patients, unilateral eye were severely damaged.    Two patients died after the initial emergency operations because their lung disease progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome. One of the patients lived, and soft tissue reconstruction was achieved by using temporal transposition and cheek advancement skin flaps with split-thickness skin graft from donor site.    However, craniofacial destruction is important in these patients; a multidisciplinary approach is needed for the treatment of direct smoke bomb injuries because the patients experienced chemical burn and acute trauma. The timing of maxillofacial reconstruction is also a question in these specific patients.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1049-2275
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000001101
ID  - ref1
ER  -