TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2015//
TI  - A differential diagnosis of haematuria following a motor vehicle collision: nutcracker syndrome
JO  - Case reports in surgery
A1  - Sharp, Gary
A1  - Glenn, Derek
SP  - 749182
EP  - 749182
VL  - 2015
IS  - 
N2  - A young female presented to the emergency department following a motor vehicle collision. She complained of left flank pain and was found to have haematuria. After investigation no trauma related injuries were identified. However, an incidental finding of nutcracker phenomenon/syndrome was made. Nutcracker phenomenon is a rare cause of haematuria resulting from nontraumatic compression of the left renal vein between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta. It affects females more than males and its presentation can range from asymptomatic to debilitating haematuria, pelvic congestion in females, varicosities in males, and pain. No validated diagnostic criteria exist and treatment is usually surgical in those with debilitating symptoms or refractory anaemia.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 2090-6900
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/749182
ID  - ref1
ER  -