TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2015//
TI  - The structural equation analysis of childhood abuse, adult stressful life events, and temperaments in major depressive disorders and their influence on refractoriness
JO  - Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
A1  - Toda, Hiroyuki
A1  - Inoue, Takeshi
A1  - Tsunoda, Tomoya
A1  - Nakai, Yukiei
A1  - Tanichi, Masaaki
A1  - Tanaka, Teppei
A1  - Hashimoto, Naoki
A1  - Nakato, Yasuya
A1  - Nakagawa, Shin
A1  - Kitaichi, Yuji
A1  - Mitsui, Nobuyuki
A1  - Boku, Shuken
A1  - Tanabe, Hajime
A1  - Nibuya, Masashi
A1  - Yoshino, Aihide
A1  - Kusumi, Ichiro
SP  - 2079
EP  - 2090
VL  - 11
IS  - 
N2  - BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown the interaction between heredity and childhood stress or life events on the pathogenesis of a major depressive disorder (MDD). In this study, we tested our hypothesis that childhood abuse, affective temperaments, and adult stressful life events interact and influence the diagnosis of MDD. <br><br>PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 170 healthy controls and 98 MDD patients were studied using the following self-administered questionnaire surveys: the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Life Experiences Survey, the Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire, and the Child Abuse and Trauma Scale (CATS). The data were analyzed with univariate analysis, multivariable analysis, and structural equation modeling. <br><br>RESULTS: The neglect scores of the CATS indirectly predicted the diagnosis of MDD through cyclothymic and anxious temperament scores of the Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire in the structural equation modeling. Two temperaments - cyclothymic and anxious - directly predicted the diagnosis of MDD. The validity of this result was supported by the results of the stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis as follows: three factors - neglect, cyclothymic, and anxious temperaments - were significant predictors of MDD. Neglect and the total CATS scores were also predictors of remission vs treatment-resistance in MDD patients independently of depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS: The sample size was small for the comparison between the remission and treatment-resistant groups in MDD patients in multivariable analysis. <br><br>CONCLUSION: This study suggests that childhood abuse, especially neglect, indirectly predicted the diagnosis of MDD through increased affective temperaments. The important role as a mediator of affective temperaments in the effect of childhood abuse on MDD was suggested.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1176-6328
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S82236
ID  - ref1
ER  -