TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2015//
TI  - Prescription monitoring programs and emergency department visits involving opioids, 2004-2011
JO  - Drug and alcohol dependence
A1  - Maughan, Brandon C.
A1  - Bachhuber, Marcus A.
A1  - Mitra, Nandita
A1  - Starrels, Joanna L.
SP  - 282
EP  - 288
VL  - 156
IS  - 
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) implementation and emergency department (ED) visits involving opioid analgesics. <br><br>METHODS: Rates of ED visits involving opioid analgesics per 100,000 residents were estimated from the Drug Abuse Warning Network dataset for 11 geographically diverse metropolitan areas in the United States on a quarterly basis from 2004 to 2011. Generalized estimating equations assessed whether implementation of a prescriber-accessible PDMP was associated with a difference in ED visits involving opioid analgesics. Models were adjusted for calendar quarter, metropolitan area, metropolitan area-specific linear time trends, and unemployment rate. <br><br>RESULTS: Rates of ED visits involving opioid analgesics increased in all metropolitan areas. PDMP implementation was not associated with a difference in ED visits involving opioid analgesics (mean difference of 0.8 visits [95% CI: -3.7 to 5.2] per 100,000 residents per quarter). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: During 2004-2011, PDMP implementation was not associated with a change in opioid-related morbidity, as measured by emergency department visits involving opioid analgesics. Urgent investigation is needed to determine the optimal PDMP structure and capabilities to improve opioid analgesic safety.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0376-8716
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.09.024
ID  - ref1
ER  -