TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2015//
TI  - Life after adolescent and adult moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: self-reported executive, emotional, and behavioural function 2-5 years after injury
JO  - Behavioural neurology
A1  - Finnanger, Torun Gangaune
A1  - Olsen, Alexander
A1  - Skandsen, Toril
A1  - Lydersen, Stian
A1  - Vik, Anne
A1  - Evensen, Kari Anne I.
A1  - Catroppa, Cathy
A1  - Håberg, Asta Kristine
A1  - Andersson, Stein
A1  - Indredavik, Marit S.
SP  - e329241
EP  - e329241
VL  - 2015
IS  - 
N2  - Survivors of moderate-severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) are at risk for long-term cognitive, emotional, and behavioural problems. This prospective cohort study investigated self-reported executive, emotional, and behavioural problems in the late chronic phase of moderate and severe TBI, if demographic characteristics (i.e., age, years of education), injury characteristics (Glasgow Coma Scale score, MRI findings such as traumatic axonal injury (TAI), or duration of posttraumatic amnesia), symptoms of depression, or neuropsychological variables in the first year after injury predicted long-term self-reported function. Self-reported executive, emotional, and behavioural functioning were assessed among individuals with moderate and severe TBI (N = 67, age range 15-65 years at time of injury) 2-5 years after TBI, compared to a healthy matched control group (N = 72). <br><br>RESULTS revealed significantly more attentional, emotional regulation, and psychological difficulties in the TBI group than controls. Demographic and early clinical variables were associated with poorer cognitive and emotional outcome. Fewer years of education and depressive symptoms predicted greater executive dysfunction. Younger age at injury predicted more aggressive and rule-breaking behaviour. TAI and depressive symptoms predicted Internalizing problems and greater executive dysfunction. In conclusion, age, education, TAI, and depression appear to elevate risk for poor long-term outcome, emphasising the need for long-term follow-up of patients presenting with risk factors.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0953-4180
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/329241
ID  - ref1
ER  -