TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2008//
TI  - Ritual abuse-torture within families/groups
JO  - Journal of aggression, maltreatment and trauma
A1  - Sarson, Jeanne
A1  - MacDonald, Linda
SP  - 419
EP  - 438
VL  - 16
IS  - 4
N2  - Case studies provide insights into identifying 10 violent thematic issues as components of a pattern of family/group ritual abuse-torture (RAT) victimization. Narratives from victimized women suggest that victimization generally begins in infancy or soon thereafter. A visual model of RAT displays the organization of the co-culture. Examples of the family/group gatherings known as "rituals and ceremonies" provide insights into how these gatherings are used to normalize pedophilic violence. Global activism afforded the first effort ever to track RAT and human trafficking. Recognizing RAT as an emerging form of non-state actor torture, discontinuing the use of language that sexualizes adult-child relationships, and promoting human rights education are suggested social solutions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). (journal abstract)<p />
LA  - en
SN  - 1092-6771
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10926770801926146
ID  - ref1
ER  -