TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2016//
TI  - Exercise and cognitive functioning in people with chronic whiplash-associated disorders: a controlled laboratory study
JO  - Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy
A1  - Ickmans, Kelly
A1  - Meeus, Mira
A1  - De Kooning, Margot
A1  - de Backer, Annabelle
A1  - Kooremans, Daniëlle
A1  - Hubloue, Ives
A1  - Schmitz, Tom
A1  - Van Loo, Michel
A1  - Nijs, Jo
SP  - 87
EP  - 95
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
N2  - Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Background Besides their persisting pain, people with chronic WAD commonly deal with cognitive dysfunctions. In healthy individuals aerobic exercise has a positive effect on cognitive performance and preliminary evidence in other chronic pain conditions revealed promising results as well. On the contrary, there is some evidence that people with chronic WAD may show a worsening of the symptom complex following physical exertion. <br><br>OBJECTIVEs Examining post-exercise cognitive performance in people with chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WAD). <br><br>METHODS People with chronic WAD (n=27) and healthy inactive sex- and age-matched controls (n=27) performed a single bout of an incremental submaximal cycling exercise. Before and after the exercise participants completed 2 performance-based cognitive tests assessing selective and sustained attention, cognitive inhibition, and simple and choice reaction time. <br><br>RESULTS At baseline people with chronic WAD displayed significant lower scores on sustained attention and simple reaction time (P<.001), but not on selective attention, cognitive inhibition, and choice reaction time (P>.05) compared with healthy controls. Post-exercise both groups showed significantly improved selective attention and choice reaction time (WAD: both P=.001; controls: both P<.001), while simple reaction time significantly increased (P=.037) only in the control group. In both groups no other significant changes (i.e. sustained attention, cognitive inhibition, pain and fatigue) were observed (P>.05). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS In the short-term, post-exercise cognitive functioning, pain and fatigue were not aggravated in people with chronic WAD. However, RCTs are required to study the longer-term and isolated effects of exercise on cognitive functioning. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 3b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, Epub 11 Jan 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6060.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0190-6011
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2016.6060
ID  - ref1
ER  -