TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2015//
TI  - Alcohol policies and impaired driving in the United States: effects of driving- vs. drinking-oriented policies
JO  - International journal of alcohol and drug research
A1  - Xuan, Ziming
A1  - Blanchette, Jason G.
A1  - Nelson, Toben F.
A1  - Heeren, Timothy C.
A1  - Nguyen, Thien H.
A1  - Naimi, Timothy S.
SP  - 119
EP  - 130
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
N2  - AIMS: To test the hypotheses that stronger policy environments are associated with less impaired driving and that driving-oriented and drinking-oriented policy subgroups are independently associated with impaired driving. <br><br>DESIGN: State-level data on 29 policies in 50 states from 2001-2009 were used as lagged exposures in generalized linear regression models to predict self-reported impaired driving. SETTING: Fifty United States and Washington, D.C. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1,292,245 adults (≥ 18 years old) biennially from 2002-2010. MEASURES: Alcohol Policy Scale scores representing the alcohol policy environment were created by summing policies weighted by their efficacy and degree of implementation by state-year. Past-30-day alcohol-impaired driving from 2002-2010 was obtained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys. <br><br>FINDINGS: Higher Alcohol Policy Scale scores are strongly associated with lower state-level prevalence and individual-level risk of impaired driving. After accounting for driving-oriented policies, drinking-oriented policies had a robust independent association with reduced likelihood of impaired driving. Reduced binge drinking mediates the relationship between drinking-oriented policies and impaired driving, and driving-oriented policies reduce the likelihood of impaired driving among binge drinkers. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to reduce alcohol-impaired driving should focus on reducing excessive drinking in addition to preventing driving among those who are impaired.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1925-7066
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.205
ID  - ref1
ER  -