TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2016//
TI  - Preschoolers value those who sanction non-cooperators
JO  - Cognition
A1  - Vaish, Amrisha
A1  - Herrmann, Esther
A1  - Markmann, Christiane
A1  - Tomasello, Michael
SP  - 43
EP  - 51
VL  - 153
IS  - 
N2  - Large-scale human cooperation among unrelated individuals requires the enforcement of social norms. However, such enforcement poses a problem because non-enforcers can free ride on others' costly and risky enforcement. One solution is that enforcers receive benefits relative to non-enforcers. Here we show that this solution becomes functional during the preschool years: 5-year-old (but not 4-year-old) children judged enforcers of norms more positively, preferred enforcers, and distributed more resources to enforcers than to non-enforcers. The ability to sustain not only first-order but also second-order cooperation thus emerges quite early in human ontogeny, providing a viable solution to the problem of higher-order cooperation.<br><br>Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0010-0277
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2016.04.011
ID  - ref1
ER  -