TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2016//
TI  - Substance use to regulate intense posttraumatic shame in individuals with childhood abuse and neglect
JO  - Development and psychopathology
A1  - Holl, Julia
A1  - Wolff, Sebastian
A1  - Schumacher, Maren
A1  - Höcker, Anja
A1  - Arens, Elisabeth A.
A1  - Spindler, Gabriela
A1  - Stopsack, Malte
A1  - Südhof, Jonna
A1  - Hiller, Philipp
A1  - Klein, Michael
A1  - Schäfer, Ingo
A1  - Barnow, Sven
SP  - 737
EP  - 749
VL  - 29
IS  - 3
N2  - Childhood abuse and neglect (CAN) is considered as a risk factor for substance use disorder (SUD). Based on the drinking to cope model, this study investigated the association of two trauma-relevant emotions (shame and sadness) and substance use. Using ecological momentary assessment we compared real-time emotion regulation in situations with high and low intensity of shame and sadness in currently abstinent patients with CAN and lifetime SUD (traumaSUD group), healthy controls with CAN (traumaHC group), and without CAN (nontraumaHC group). Multilevel analysis showed a positive linear relationship between high intensity of both emotions and substance use for all groups. The traumaSUD group showed heightened substance use in low, as well as in high, intensity of shame and sadness. In addition, we found an interaction between type of emotion, intensity, and group: the traumaHC group exhibited a fourfold increased risk for substance use in high intense shame situations relative to the traumaSUD group. Our findings provide evidence for the drinking to cope model. The traumaSUD group showed a reduced distress tolerance for variable intensity of negative emotions. The differential effect of intense shame for the traumaHC group emphazises its potential role in the development of SUD following CAN. In addition, shame can be considered a relevant focus for therapeutic preinterventions and interventions for SUD after CAN.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0954-5794
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579416000432
ID  - ref1
ER  -