TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2016//
TI  - Concussive convulsions: a YouTube video analysis
JO  - Epilepsia
A1  - Tényi, Dalma
A1  - Gyimesi, Csilla
A1  - Horváth, Réka
A1  - Kovács, Norbert
A1  - Ábrahám, Hajnalka
A1  - Darnai, Gergely
A1  - Fogarasi, András
A1  - Büki, Andras
A1  - Janszky, József
SP  - 1310
EP  - 1316
VL  - 57
IS  - 8
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To analyze seizure-like motor phenomena immediately occurring after concussion (concussive convulsions). <br><br>METHODS: Twenty-five videos of concussive convulsions were obtained from YouTube as a result of numerous sports-related search terms. The videos were analyzed by four independent observers, documenting observations of the casualty, the head injury, motor symptoms of the concussive convulsions, the postictal period, and the outcome. <br><br>RESULTS: Immediate responses included the fencing response, bear hug position, and bilateral leg extension. Fencing response was the most common. The side of the hit (p = 0.039) and the head turning (p = 0.0002) was ipsilateral to the extended arm. There was a tendency that if the blow had only a vertical component, the bear hug position appeared more frequently (p = 0.12). The motor symptom that appeared with latency of 6 ± 3 s was clonus, sometimes superimposed with tonic motor phenomena. Clonus was focal, focally evolving bilateral or bilateral, with a duration of 27 ± 19 s (5-72 s). Where lateralization of clonus could be determined, the side of clonus and the side of hit were contralateral (p = 0.039). SIGNIFICANCE: Concussive convulsions consist of two phases. The short-latency first phase encompasses motor phenomena resembling neonatal reflexes and may be of brainstem origin. The long-latency second phase consists of clonus. We hypothesize that the motor symptoms of the long-latency phase are attributed to cortical structures; however, they are probably not epileptic in origin but rather a result of a transient cortical neuronal disturbance induced by mechanical forces.<br><br>Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 International League Against Epilepsy.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0013-9580
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/epi.13432
ID  - ref1
ER  -