TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2016//
TI  - Traumatic brain injury and blood brain barrier cross talk
JO  - CNS and neurological disorders drug targets
A1  - Nasser, Mohammad
A1  - Bejjani, Fabienne
A1  - Raad, Mohamad
A1  - El Hassan, Hadi Abou
A1  - Mantash, Sarah
A1  - Nokkari, Amaly
A1  - Ramadan, Naify
A1  - Kassem, Nouhad
A1  - Mondello, Stefania
A1  - Hamadeh, Eva
A1  - Darwish, Hala
A1  - Zibara, Kazem
A1  - Kobeissy, Firas
SP  - 1030
EP  - 1044
VL  - 15
IS  - 9
N2  - Traumatic brain injury, often referred to as the "silent epidemic," is a non-degenerative, non-congenital insult to the brain due to a blow or penetrating object that disrupts the function of the brain leading to permanent or temporary impairment of cognition, physical and psychosocial functions. Traumatic brain injury usually has poor prognosis for long-term treatment and is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide; approximately 10 million deaths and/or hospitalizations annually are directly related to traumatic brain injury. Traumatic brain injury involves primary and secondary insults. Primary injury occurs during the initial insult, and results from direct or indirect force applied to the physical structures of the brain. Secondary injury is characterized by longer-term degeneration of neurons, glial cells, and vascular tissues due to activation of several proteases, glutamate and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. In addition, there is growing evidence that the blood-brain barrier is involved in the course of traumatic brain injury pathophysiology and has detrimental effects on the overall pathology of brain trauma, as will be discussed in this work.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1871-5273
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/
ID  - ref1
ER  -