TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2016//
TI  - Combined neurotrauma models: experimental models combining traumatic brain injury and secondary insults
JO  - Methods in molecular biology
A1  - Simon, Dennis William
A1  - Vagni, Vincent M.
A1  - Kochanek, Patrick Michael
A1  - Clark, Robert S. B.
SP  - 393
EP  - 411
VL  - 1462
IS  - 
N2  - Patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) frequently present with concomitant injuries that may cause secondary brain injury and impact outcomes. Animal models have been developed that combine contemporary models of TBI with a secondary neurologic insult such as hypoxia, shock, long bone fracture, and radiation exposure. Combined injury models may be particularly useful when modeling treatment strategies and in efforts to map basic research to a heterogeneous patient population. Here, we review these models and their collective contribution to the literature on TBI. In addition, we provide protocols and notes for two well-characterized models of TBI plus hemorrhagic shock.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1064-3745
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3816-2_22
ID  - ref1
ER  -