TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2016//
TI  - Stiff landings are associated with increased ACL injury risk in young female basketball and floorball players
JO  - American journal of sports medicine
A1  - Leppänen, Mari
A1  - Pasanen, Kati
A1  - Kujala, Urho M.
A1  - Vasankari, Tommi
A1  - Kannus, Pekka
A1  - Äyrämö, Sami
A1  - Krosshaug, Tron
A1  - Bahr, Roald
A1  - Avela, Janne
A1  - Perttunen, Jarmo
A1  - Parkkari, Jari
SP  - 386
EP  - 393
VL  - 45
IS  - 2
N2  - BACKGROUND: Few prospective studies have investigated the biomechanical risk factors of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. <br><br>PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between biomechanical characteristics of vertical drop jump (VDJ) performance and the risk of ACL injury in young female basketball and floorball players. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. <br><br>METHODS: At baseline, a total of 171 female basketball and floorball players (age range, 12-21 years) participated in a VDJ test using 3-dimensional motion analysis. The following biomechanical variables were analyzed: (1) knee valgus angle at initial contact (IC), (2) peak knee abduction moment, (3) knee flexion angle at IC, (4) peak knee flexion angle, (5) peak vertical ground-reaction force (vGRF), and (6) medial knee displacement. All new ACL injuries, as well as match and training exposure, were then recorded for 1 to 3 years. Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. <br><br>RESULTS: Fifteen new ACL injuries occurred during the study period (0.2 injuries/1000 player-hours). Of the 6 factors considered, lower peak knee flexion angle (HR for each 10° increase in knee flexion angle, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.34-0.88) and higher peak vGRF (HR for each 100-N increase in vGRF, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.09-1.45) were the only factors associated with increased risk of ACL injury. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.6 for peak knee flexion and 0.7 for vGRF, indicating a failed-to-fair combined sensitivity and specificity of the test. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Stiff landings, with less knee flexion and greater vGRF, in a VDJ test were associated with increased risk of ACL injury among young female basketball and floorball players. However, although 2 factors (decreased peak knee flexion and increased vGRF) had significant associations with ACL injury risk, the ROC curve analyses revealed that these variables cannot be used for screening of athletes.<br><br>© 2016 The Author(s).<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0363-5465
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546516665810
ID  - ref1
ER  -