TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2017//
TI  - A momentary exposures analysis of proximity to alcohol outlets and risk for assault
JO  - Addiction
A1  - Morrison, Christopher N.
A1  - Dong, Beidi
A1  - Branas, Charles C.
A1  - Richmond, Therese S.
A1  - Wiebe, Douglas J.
SP  - 269
EP  - 278
VL  - 112
IS  - 2
N2  - AIMS: This study estimated, with high spatial and temporal specificity, individuals' risk of being assaulted relative to their momentary proximity to alcohol outlets during daily activities. <br><br>DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. PARTICIPANTS: Cases were 194 non-gun assault victims and 135 gun assault victims aged between 10 and 24 years. Age-matched controls (n = 274) were selected using random-digit dialing. MEASUREMENTS: Participants described minute-by-minute movements (i.e. activity paths) over the course of the day of the assault (cases) or a recent randomly selected day within three days of interview (controls). The dependent measure was being an assault case compared with a non-assault control. The main independent measures were participants' momentary proximity to alcohol outlets. The units of analysis were 10-minute segments. <br><br>FINDINGS: Proximity to bars and restaurants was associated with decreased odds of non-gun assault before 1 pm (e.g. 7 am to 9:59 pm: OR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.94; p = 0.008), and increased odds after 7 pm (e.g. 1 am to 3:59 am: OR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.24, 3.09; p = 0.004). Proximity to beer stores was associated with increased odds before 1 pm (e.g. 7 am to 9:59 am: OR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.58, 3.46; p = < 0.001) and from 4 pm to 6:59 pm (OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.96; p = 0.004), but decreased odds after 7 pm (e.g. 1 am to 3:59 am: OR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.63; p = 0.002). Proximity to alcohol outlets was mostly unrelated to risks for gun assault. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Individuals in areas with greater densities of bars and restaurants and beer stores appear to be increased risk for non-gun assault at times when these outlets are likely to be most heavily patronized.<br><br>This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0965-2140
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.13637
ID  - ref1
ER  -