TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2017//
TI  - Foot placement during error and pedal applications in naturalistic driving
JO  - Accident analysis and prevention
A1  - Wu, Yuqing
A1  - Boyle, Linda Ng
A1  - McGehee, Daniel
A1  - Roe, Cheryl A.
A1  - Ebe, Kazutoshi
A1  - Foley, James
SP  - 102
EP  - 109
VL  - 99
IS  - 
N2  - Data from a naturalistic driving study was used to examine foot placement during routine foot pedal movements and possible pedal misapplications. The study included four weeks of observations from 30 drivers, where pedal responses were recorded and categorized. The foot movements associated with pedal misapplications and errors were the focus of the analyses. A random forest algorithm was used to predict the pedal application types based the video observations, foot placements, drivers' characteristics, drivers' cognitive function levels and anthropometric measurements. A repeated multinomial logit model was then used to estimate the likelihood of the foot placement given various driver characteristics and driving scenarios. The findings showed that prior foot location, the drivers' seat position, and the drive sequence were all associated with incorrect foot placement during an event. The study showed that there is a potential to develop a driver assistance system that can reduce the likelihood of a pedal error.<br><br>Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0001-4575
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2016.10.019
ID  - ref1
ER  -