TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2016//
TI  - Lower vitamin D levels are associated with depression among people with chronic spinal cord injury
JO  - Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
A1  - Barbonetti, Arcangelo
A1  - Cavallo, Francesca
A1  - D'Andrea, Settimio
A1  - Muselli, Mario
A1  - Felzani, Giorgio
A1  - Francavilla, Sandro
A1  - Francavilla, Felice
SP  - 940
EP  - 946
VL  - 98
IS  - 5
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To determine 1) whether serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was associated with depression levels in people with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI), and 2) whether any observed association was independent of potential confounders. <br><br>DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: and Setting: One hundred patients with chronic SCI, admitted to a rehabilitation program, were consecutively recruited. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients underwent clinical and biochemical evaluations, including assessment of 25(OH)D and the presence and severity of depressive symptoms by the interviewer-assisted self-report Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). <br><br>RESULTS: Depression (BDI-II score ≥14) was observed in 15 out of 28 women (53.6%) and 18 out of 72 men (25.0%) of the study population. They exhibited significantly lower 25(OH)D levels, lower function independence in daily living activities, poorer leisure time physical activity and higher body mass index. Lower 25(OH)D levels were associated with higher BDI-II scores, as well as with the occurrence of depression. These associations persisted after adjustment for all significant predictors of the BDI-II score, selected, as possible confounders, by univariate analysis. At ROC analysis, a 25(OH)D level <9,99 ng/mL had the highest accuracy in discriminating patients with depression. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Among people with chronic SCI, an inverse association exists between serum 25(OH)D levels and depressive symptoms, widely independent of potential confounders, especially those, peculiar to this population, which can mediate the effects of depression on vitamin D levels.<br><br>Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Inc.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0003-9993
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2016.11.006
ID  - ref1
ER  -