TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2016//
TI  - Independent natural genetic variation of punishment- versus relief-memory
JO  - Biology letters
A1  - Appel, Mirjam
A1  - Scholz, Claus-Jürgen
A1  - Kocabey, Samet
A1  - Savage, Sinead
A1  - König, Christian
A1  - Yarali, Ayse
SP  - e0657
EP  - e0657
VL  - 12
IS  - 12
N2  - A painful event establishes two opponent memories: cues that are associated with pain onset are remembered negatively, whereas cues that coincide with the relief at pain offset acquire positive valence. Such punishment- versus relief-memories are conserved across species, including humans, and the balance between them is critical for adaptive behaviour with respect to pain and trauma. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster as a study case, we found that both punishment- and relief-memories display natural variation across wild-derived inbred strains, but they do not covary, suggesting a considerable level of dissociation in their genetic effectors. This provokes the question whether there may be heritable inter-individual differences in the balance between these opponent memories in man, with potential psycho-clinical implications.<br><br>© 2016 The Authors.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1744-9561
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0657
ID  - ref1
ER  -