TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2017//
TI  - Diagnosis of drowning: electrolytes and total protein in sphenoid sinus liquid
JO  - Forensic science international
A1  - Hayakawa, Akira
A1  - Terazawa, Koichi
A1  - Matoba, Kotaro
A1  - Horioka, Kie
A1  - Fukunaga, Tatsushige
SP  - 102
EP  - 105
VL  - 273
IS  - 
N2  - In this study, electrolyte (sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), and magnesium (Mg)) and total protein (TP) concentrations and volume of liquid in the sphenoid sinus were examined to determine their usefulness to elucidate whether drowning occurred in freshwater or seawater. We examined 68 cases (seawater drowning group: 27 cases, freshwater drowning group: 21 cases, non-drowning group: 20 cases). There was a significant difference in Na, Cl, Mg, and TP concentrations of liquid in the sphenoid sinus among the three groups (seawater drowning, freshwater drowning, and non-drowning groups). To distinguish freshwater drowning from seawater drowning, Na, Cl, and Mg concentrations of liquid in the sphenoid sinus might serve as useful indicators.<br><br>Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0379-0738
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.02.017
ID  - ref1
ER  -