TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2017//
TI  - An updated review of ciguatera fish poisoning: clinical, epidemiological, environmental, and public health management
JO  - Marine drugs
A1  - Friedman, Melissa A.
A1  - Fernandez, Mercedes
A1  - Backer, Lorraine C.
A1  - Dickey, Robert W.
A1  - Bernstein, Jeffrey
A1  - Schrank, Kathleen
A1  - Kibler, Steven
A1  - Stephan, Wendy
A1  - Gribble, Matthew O.
A1  - Bienfang, Paul
A1  - Bowen, Robert E.
A1  - DeGrasse, Stacey
A1  - Flores Quintana, Harold A.
A1  - Loeffler, Christopher R.
A1  - Weisman, Richard
A1  - Blythe, Donna
A1  - Berdalet, Elisa
A1  - Ayyar, Ram
A1  - Clarkson-Townsend, Danielle
A1  - Swajian, Karen
A1  - Benner, Ronald
A1  - Brewer, Tom D.
A1  - Fleming, Lora E.
SP  - e15030072
EP  - e15030072
VL  - 15
IS  - 3
N2  - Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is the most frequently reported seafood-toxin illness in the world. It causes substantial human health, social, and economic impacts. The illness produces a complex array of gastrointestinal, neurological and neuropsychological, and cardiovascular symptoms, which may last days, weeks, or months. This paper is a general review of CFP including the human health effects of exposure to ciguatoxins (CTXs), diagnosis, human pathophysiology of CFP, treatment, detection of CTXs in fish, epidemiology of the illness, global dimensions, prevention, future directions, and recommendations for clinicians and patients. It updates and expands upon the previous review of CFP published by Friedman et al. (2008) and addresses new insights and relevant emerging global themes such as climate and environmental change, international market issues, and socioeconomic impacts of CFP. It also provides a proposed universal case definition for CFP designed to account for the variability in symptom presentation across different geographic regions. Information that is important but unchanged since the previous review has been reiterated. This article is intended for a broad audience, including resource and fishery managers, commercial and recreational fishers, public health officials, medical professionals, and other interested parties.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1660-3397
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md15030072
ID  - ref1
ER  -