TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2017//
TI  - Direct and indirect admission of ignorance by children
JO  - Journal of experimental child psychology
A1  - Kloo, Daniela
A1  - Rohwer, Michael
A1  - Perner, Josef
SP  - 279
EP  - 295
VL  - 159
IS  - 
N2  - Research has shown that children are able to admit their own ignorance directly (i.e., verbally) by 3years of age when they are totally ignorant about what is hidden in a box (total ignorance task) but fail to do so until 5 or 6years of age when having seen different objects without seeing which of them is being hidden (partial exposure task). This study investigated whether an earlier understanding of own ignorance in the partial exposure task is found when using an indirect measure-when children are allowed to either opt out from a risky decision (Experiment 1) or seek clarifying information by peeking inside (Experiment 2). No evidence for an earlier understanding was found in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, however, 3- and 4-year-olds searched for clarifying information under partial exposure more often when being ignorant than when being knowledgeable. We argue that this discrepancy is related to whether spontaneous information seeking involves metacognitive processes or not.<br><br>Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0022-0965
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2017.02.014
ID  - ref1
ER  -