TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2017//
TI  - Proton electrochemical gradient: driving and regulating neurotransmitter uptake
JO  - Bioessays
A1  - Farsi, Zohreh
A1  - Jahn, Reinhard
A1  - Woehler, Andrew
SP  - e201600240
EP  - e201600240
VL  - 39
IS  - 5
N2  - Accumulation of neurotransmitters in the lumen of synaptic vesicles (SVs) relies on the activity of the vacuolar-type H(+) -ATPase. This pump drives protons into the lumen, generating a proton electrochemical gradient (ΔμH+ ) across the membrane. Recent work has demonstrated that the balance between the chemical (ΔpH) and electrical (ΔΨ) components of ΔμH+ is regulated differently by some distinct vesicle types. As different neurotransmitter transporters use ΔpH and ΔΨ with different relative efficiencies, regulation of this gradient balance has the potential to influence neurotransmitter uptake. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this regulation remain poorly understood. In this review, we provide an overview of current neurotransmitter uptake models, with a particular emphasis on the distinct roles of the electrical and chemical gradients and current hypotheses for regulatory mechanisms.<br><br>© 2017 WILEY Periodicals, Inc.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0265-9247
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.201600240
ID  - ref1
ER  -