TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2017//
TI  - Child and adolescent health from 1990 to 2015: findings from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2015 Study
JO  - JAMA pediatrics
A1  - Kassebaum, Nicholas
A1  - Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe
A1  - Zoeckler, Leo
A1  - Olsen, Helen Elizabeth
A1  - Thomas, Katie
A1  - Pinho, Christine
A1  - Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
A1  - Dandona, Lalit
A1  - Ferrari, Alize
A1  - Ghiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde
A1  - Hay, Simon I.
A1  - Kinfu, Yohannes
A1  - Liang, Xiaofeng
A1  - Lopez, Alan
A1  - Malta, Deborah Carvalho
A1  - Mokdad, Ali H.
A1  - Naghavi, Mohsen
A1  - Patton, George C.
A1  - Salomon, Joshua
A1  - Sartorius, Benn
A1  - Topór-Madry, Roman
A1  - Vollset, Stein Emil
A1  - Werdecker, Andrea
A1  - Whiteford, Harvey A.
A1  - Abate, Kalkidan Hasen
A1  - Abbas, Kaja
A1  - Abreha Damtew, Solomon
A1  - Ahmed, Muktar Beshir
A1  - Akseer, Nadia
A1  - Al-Raddadi, Rajaa
A1  - Alemayohu, Mulubirhan Assefa
A1  - Altirkawi, Khalid
A1  - Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu
A1  - Amare, Azmeraw T.
A1  - Antonio, Carl A. T.
A1  - Arnlöv, Johan
A1  - Artaman, Al
A1  - Asayesh, Hamid
A1  - Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur
A1  - Awasthi, Ashish
A1  - Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina
A1  - Bacha, Umar
A1  - Balem, Dimtsu
A1  - Barac, Aleksandra
A1  - Bärnighausen, Till Winfried
A1  - Baye, Estifanos
A1  - Bedi, Neeraj
A1  - Benseñor, Isabela M.
A1  - Berhane, Adugnaw
A1  - Bernabé, Eduardo
A1  - Bernal, Oscar Alberto
A1  - Beyene, Addisu Shunu
A1  - Biadgilign, Sibhatu
A1  - Bikbov, Boris
A1  - Boyce, Cheryl Anne
A1  - Brazinova, Alexandra
A1  - Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa
A1  - Carter, Austin
A1  - Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A.
A1  - Catala-Lopez, Ferran
A1  - Charlson, Fiona J.
A1  - Chitheer, Abdulaal A.
A1  - Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine
A1  - Ciobanu, Liliana G.
A1  - Crump, John
A1  - Dandona, Rakhi
A1  - Dellavalle, Robert P.
A1  - Deribew, Amare
A1  - deVeber, Gabrielle
A1  - Dicker, Daniel
A1  - Betsu, Balem Balm
A1  - Ding, Eric L.
A1  - Dubey, Manisha
A1  - Endries, Amanuel Yesuf
A1  - Erskine, Holly E.
A1  - Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino
A1  - Faro, Andre
A1  - Farzadfar, Farshad
A1  - Fernandes, Joao C.
A1  - Fijabi, Daniel Obadare
A1  - Fitzmaurice, Christina
A1  - Fleming, Thomas D.
A1  - Flor, Luisa Sorio
A1  - Foreman, Kyle J.
A1  - Franklin, Richard Charles
A1  - Fraser, Maya S.
A1  - Frostad, Joseph J.
A1  - Fullman, Nancy
A1  - Gebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe
A1  - Gebru, Alemseged Aregay
A1  - Geleijnse, Johanna M.
A1  - Gibney, Katherine B.
A1  - Gidey Yihdego, Mahari
A1  - Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed
A1  - Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo
A1  - Gizachew, Tessema Assefa
A1  - Glaser, Elizabeth
A1  - Gold, Audra L.
A1  - Goldberg, Ellen
A1  - Gona, Philimon
A1  - Goto, Atsushi
A1  - Gugnani, Harish Chander
A1  - Jiang, Guohong
A1  - Gupta, Rajeev
A1  - Tesfay, Fisaha Haile
A1  - Hankey, Graeme J.
A1  - Havmoeller, Rasmus
A1  - Hijar, Martha
A1  - Horino, Masako
A1  - Hosgood, H. Dean
A1  - Hu, Guoqing
A1  - Jacobsen, Kathryn H.
A1  - Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B.
A1  - Jayaraman, Sudha P.
A1  - Jha, Vivekanand
A1  - Jibat, Tariku
A1  - Johnson, Catherine O.
A1  - Jonas, Jost
A1  - Kasaeian, Amir
A1  - Kawakami, Norito
A1  - Keiyoro, Peter N.
A1  - Khalil, Ibrahim
A1  - Khang, Young-Ho
A1  - Khubchandani, Jagdish
A1  - Ahmad Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A.
A1  - Kieling, Christian
A1  - Kim, Daniel
A1  - Kissoon, Niranjan
A1  - Knibbs, Luke D.
A1  - Koyanagi, Ai
A1  - Krohn, Kristopher J.
A1  - Kuate Defo, Barthelemy
A1  - Kucuk Bicer, Burcu
A1  - Kulikoff, Rachel
A1  - Kumar, G. Anil
A1  - Lal, Dharmesh Kumar
A1  - Lam, Hilton Y.
A1  - Larson, Heidi J.
A1  - Larsson, Anders
A1  - Laryea, Dennis Odai
A1  - Leung, Janni
A1  - Lim, Stephen S.
A1  - Lo, Loon-Tzian
A1  - Lo, Warren D.
A1  - Looker, Katharine J.
A1  - Lotufo, Paulo A.
A1  - Magdy Abd, Hassan
A1  - El Razek, 
A1  - Malekzadeh, Reza
A1  - Markos Shifti, Desalegn
A1  - Mazidi, Mohsen
A1  - Meaney, Peter A.
A1  - Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam
A1  - Memiah, Peter
A1  - Mendoza, Walter
A1  - Abera Mengistie, Mubarek
A1  - Mengistu, Gebremichael Welday
A1  - Mensah, George A.
A1  - Miller, Ted R.
A1  - Mock, Charles
A1  - Mohammadi, Alireza
A1  - Mohammed, Shafiu
A1  - Monasta, Lorenzo
A1  - Mueller, Ulrich
A1  - Nagata, Chie
A1  - Naheed, Aliya
A1  - Nguyen, Grant
A1  - Nguyen, Quyen Le
A1  - Nsoesie, Elaine
A1  - Oh, In-Hwan
A1  - Okoro, Anselm
A1  - Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun
A1  - Olusanya, Bolajoko O.
A1  - Ortiz, Alberto
A1  - Paudel, Deepak
A1  - Pereira, David M.
A1  - Perico, Norberto
A1  - Petzold, Max
A1  - Phillips, Michael Robert
A1  - Polanczyk, Guilherme V.
A1  - Pourmalek, Farshad
A1  - Qorbani, Mostafa
A1  - Rafay, Anwar
A1  - Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa
A1  - Rahman, Mahfuzar
A1  - Rai, Rajesh Kumar
A1  - Ram, Usha
A1  - Rankin, Zane
A1  - Remuzzi, Giuseppe
A1  - Renzaho, Andre M. N.
A1  - Roba, Hirbo Shore
A1  - Rojas-Rueda, David
A1  - Ronfani, Luca
A1  - Sagar, Rajesh
A1  - Sanabria, Juan Ramon
A1  - Kedir Mohammed, Muktar Sano
A1  - Santos, Itamar S.
A1  - Satpathy, Maheswar
A1  - Sawhney, Monika
A1  - Schöttker, Ben
A1  - Schwebel, David C.
A1  - Scott, James G.
A1  - Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
A1  - Shaheen, Amira
A1  - Shaikh, Masood Ali
A1  - She, June
A1  - Shiri, Rahman
A1  - Shiue, Ivy
A1  - Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora
A1  - Singh, Jasvinder
A1  - Slipakit, Naris
A1  - Smith, Alison
A1  - Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar
A1  - Stanaway, Jeffrey D.
A1  - Stein, Dan J.
A1  - Steiner, Caitlyn
A1  - Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale
A1  - Swaminathan, Soumya
A1  - Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael
A1  - Tabb, Karen M.
A1  - Tadese, Fentaw
A1  - Tavakkoli, Mohammad
A1  - Taye, Bineyam
A1  - Teeple, Stephanie
A1  - Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw
A1  - Temam Shifa, Girma
A1  - Terkawi, Adbullah Sulieman
A1  - Thomas, Bernadette
A1  - Thomson, Alan J.
A1  - Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan
A1  - Tonelli, Marcello
A1  - Tran, Bach Xuan
A1  - Troeger, Christopher
A1  - Ukwaja, Kingsley N.
A1  - Uthman, Olalekan
A1  - Vasankari, Tommi
A1  - Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy
A1  - Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich
A1  - Weiderpass, Elisabete
A1  - Weintraub, Robert
A1  - Gebrehiwot, Solomon Weldemariam
A1  - Westerman, Ronny
A1  - Williams, Hywel C.
A1  - Wolfe, Charles D. A.
A1  - Woodbrook, Rachel
A1  - Yano, Yuichiro
A1  - Yonemoto, Naohiro
A1  - Yoon, Seok-Jun
A1  - Younis, Mustafa Z.
A1  - Yu, Chuanhua
A1  - Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed
A1  - Zegeye, Elias Asfaw
A1  - Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna
A1  - Murray, Christopher J. L.
A1  - Vos, Theo
SP  - 573
EP  - 592
VL  - 171
IS  - 6
N2  - IMPORTANCE: Comprehensive and timely monitoring of disease burden in all age groups, including children and adolescents, is essential for improving population health. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: To quantify and describe levels and trends of mortality and nonfatal health outcomes among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2015 to provide a framework for policy discussion. EVIDENCE REVIEW: Cause-specific mortality and nonfatal health outcomes were analyzed for 195 countries and territories by age group, sex, and year from 1990 to 2015 using standardized approaches for data processing and statistical modeling, with subsequent analysis of the findings to describe levels and trends across geography and time among children and adolescents 19 years or younger. A composite indicator of income, education, and fertility was developed (Socio-demographic Index [SDI]) for each geographic unit and year, which evaluates the historical association between SDI and health loss. <br><br>FINDINGS: Global child and adolescent mortality decreased from 14.18 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 14.09 million to 14.28 million) deaths in 1990 to 7.26 million (95% UI, 7.14 million to 7.39 million) deaths in 2015, but progress has been unevenly distributed. Countries with a lower SDI had a larger proportion of mortality burden (75%) in 2015 than was the case in 1990 (61%). Most deaths in 2015 occurred in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Global trends were driven by reductions in mortality owing to infectious, nutritional, and neonatal disorders, which in the aggregate led to a relative increase in the importance of noncommunicable diseases and injuries in explaining global disease burden. The absolute burden of disability in children and adolescents increased 4.3% (95% UI, 3.1%-5.6%) from 1990 to 2015, with much of the increase owing to population growth and improved survival for children and adolescents to older ages. Other than infectious conditions, many top causes of disability are associated with long-term sequelae of conditions present at birth (eg, neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects, and hemoglobinopathies) and complications of a variety of infections and nutritional deficiencies. Anemia, developmental intellectual disability, hearing loss, epilepsy, and vision loss are important contributors to childhood disability that can arise from multiple causes. Maternal and reproductive health remains a key cause of disease burden in adolescent females, especially in lower-SDI countries. In low-SDI countries, mortality is the primary driver of health loss for children and adolescents, whereas disability predominates in higher-SDI locations; the specific pattern of epidemiological transition varies across diseases and injuries. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Consistent international attention and investment have led to sustained improvements in causes of health loss among children and adolescents in many countries, although progress has been uneven. The persistence of infectious diseases in some countries, coupled with ongoing epidemiologic transition to injuries and noncommunicable diseases, require all countries to carefully evaluate and implement appropriate strategies to maximize the health of their children and adolescents and for the international community to carefully consider which elements of child and adolescent health should be monitored.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 2168-6211
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.0250
ID  - ref1
ER  -