TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2017//
TI  - Online test purchased new psychoactive substances in 5 different European countries: a snapshot study of chemical composition and price
JO  - International journal on drug policy
A1  - Brunt, Tibor Markus
A1  - Atkinson, Amanda Marie
A1  - Nefau, Thomas
A1  - Martinez, Magali
A1  - Lahaie, Emmanuel
A1  - Malzcewski, Artur
A1  - Pazitny, Martin
A1  - Belackova, Vendula
A1  - Brandt, Simon D.
SP  - 105
EP  - 114
VL  - 44
IS  - 
N2  - BACKGROUND: New psychoactive substances (NPS) are on offer worldwide online, in order to shed light on the purity and price of these substances in the European Union, a research collaboration was set up involving France, United Kingdom (UK), the Netherlands, Czech Republic and Poland. <br><br>METHODS: Per country, around 10 different NPS were test purchased from different webshops. Then, chemical analysis of NPS was done with according reference standards to identify and quantify the contents. <br><br>RESULTS: In contrast to what is generally advertised on the webshops (>99%), purity varied considerably per test purchased NPS. Several NPS were mislabelled, some containing chemical analogues (e.g. 25B/C-NBOMe instead of 25I-NBOMe, pentedrone instead of 3,4-DMMC). But in some cases NPS differed substantially from what was advertised (e.g. pentedrone instead of AMT or 3-FMC instead of 5-MeO-DALT). Per gram, purity-adjusted prices of cathinones differed substantially between three countries of test purchase, with Poland being the least expensive. Synthetic cannabinoids were relatively the most expensive in the Czech Republic and least expensive in the UK. <br><br>CONCLUSION: The current findings provides a snapshot of the price and chemical contents of NPS products purchased by different countries and in different webshops. There is a potential danger of mislabelling of NPS. The great variety in price and purity of the delivered products might be the result of the market dynamics of supply and demand and the role of law enforcement in different European countries.<br><br>Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0955-3959
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.03.006
ID  - ref1
ER  -