TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2017//
TI  - Intended and unintended use of cathinone mixtures
JO  - Human psychopharmacology
A1  - Guirguis, Amira
A1  - Corkery, John Martin
A1  - Stair, Jacqueline Leslie
A1  - Kirton, Stewart Brian
A1  - Zloh, Mire
A1  - Schifano, Fabrizio
SP  - e2598
EP  - e2598
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
N2  - Introduction    Cathinones are one of the most popular categories of new psychoactive substances (NPS) consumed. Cathinones have different pharmacological activities and receptor selectivity for monoamine transporters based on their chemical structures. They are incorporated into NPS mixtures and used with other NPS or 'traditional' drugs. Cathinone use represents significant health risks to individuals and is a public health burden.       Methods    Evidence of poly-NPS use with cathinones, seizure information, and literature analyses results on NPS mixtures was systematically gathered from online database sources, including Google Scholar, Scopus, Bluelight, and Drugs-Forum.       Results and discussion    Results highlight the prevalence of NPS with low purity, incorporation of cathinones into NPS mixtures since 2008, and multiple members of the cathinone family being present in individual UK-seized samples. Cathinones were identified as adulterants in NPS marketed as being pure NPS, drugs of abuse, branded products, herbal blends, and products labelled "not for human consumption." Toxicity resulting from cathinone mixtures is unpredictable because key attributes remain largely unknown. Symptoms of intoxication include neuro-psychological, psychiatric, and metabolic symptoms. Proposed treatment includes holistic approaches involving psychosocial, psychiatric and pharmacological interventions.       Conclusion    Raising awareness of NPS, education, and training of health care professionals are paramount in reducing harms related to cathinone use.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0885-6222
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hup.2598
ID  - ref1
ER  -