TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2018//
TI  - Comparison of amateur boxing before and after the 2013 rules change and the impact on boxers' safety
JO  - British journal of sports medicine
A1  - Davis, Philip
A1  - Waldock, Robert
A1  - Connorton, Andrew
A1  - Driver, Sonny
A1  - Anderson, Sean
SP  - 741
EP  - 746
VL  - 52
IS  - 11
N2  - OBJECTIVES: The effect of the rules change in 2013 on amateur boxing strategy, technique and safety in comparison with pre-2013 is unknown. <br><br>METHODS: Pre-2013 and post-2013 3×3 min elite level amateur boxing was compared from video footage of 29 Olympic (pre-2013) and 50 World Championship bouts (post-2013) totalling 99 male boxers (mean±SD) age: 24.3±3.2 years, height: 177.3±11.3 cm and body mass: 70.7±16.4 kg. <br><br>RESULT: Many techniques that were dominant pre-2013 were used less post-2013, including: total punches thrown, rear hand punches, hook rear hand, punches landed, uppercut punches, total punches to the body (all <0.05), while movement around the ring and defensive movements were higher post-2013 (both p<0.004). Post-2013 boxers have increased their foot movement by 20% to move in and then away from their opponent, combined with long-range punches and deliberate defensive movements. The percentage of rounds where standing counts were issued changed from 9% to 3% pre-2013 to post-2013. However, pre-2013, 1.7% of bouts did not last the full duration due to referee stoppage, while post-2013, this increased to 4.2% as a result of two knockouts and eight technical knockouts. <br><br>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Boxers should be aware of the large changes in technical demands of boxing. An increased risk of concussive or traumatic brain injury post-2013 is equivocal. However, an increase in skin splits and technical knockouts is apparent. It is likely that boxers believe head guard removal has made them more prone to knockouts.<br><br>© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0306-3674
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-097667
ID  - ref1
ER  -