TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2002//
TI  - Traumatic victimization in childhood and persistent problems with oppositional-defiance
JO  - Journal of aggression, maltreatment and trauma
A1  - Ford, Julian D.
SP  - 25
EP  - 58
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
N2  - A number of studies suggest similarities between the psychosocial impairment caused by traumatic victimization and the "cascade" (Patterson, 1993) of problems experienced by youths with severe and persistent problems with oppositional-defiance. Evidence indicating that traumatic victimization may be a factor in disruptive behavior disorders is reviewed.Apreliminary conceptual model is proposed as a basis for clinical and research hypothesis testing concerning the potential relationship between traumatic victimization and problematic oppositional-defiance. The model postulates a chronological sequence from (a) victimization in childhood, to (b) escalating dysregulation of emotion and social information processing ("survival coping"), to (c) severe and persistent problems with oppositional-defiance and overt or covert aggression which are compounded by post-traumatic symptoms ("victim coping"). Implications for diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and research are discussed.<p /> 
LA  - 
SN  - 1092-6771
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J146v06n01_03
ID  - ref1
ER  -