TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2017//
TI  - Graduated driver licensing (GDL) in the United States in 2016: a literature review and commentary
JO  - Journal of safety research
A1  - Williams, Allan F.
SP  - 29
EP  - 41
VL  - 63
IS  - 
N2  - This is the sixth in a series of reviews of research on graduated driver licensing (GDL) published in the Journal of Safety Research, the present review covering the period mid-2012 through 2016. In the two decades since GDL programs began to be introduced on a widespread basis in the United States, a vast amount of research has been published. The current review discusses recent research and the present state of knowledge on the following topics: characteristics of the novice driver population; effects of GDL on crashes for ages 16-19; the learner and intermediate periods; night and passenger restrictions; cellphone laws; GDL for older novices; enforcement of GDL rules; and programs attempting to influence GDL compliance and safe driving practices in general. GDL stands out as a successful policy for reducing teen driver crashes and is worth building on to extend its benefits. Strengthening existing GDL programs has the most potential for producing further crash reductions.<br><br>Copyright © 2017 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0022-4375
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2017.08.010
ID  - ref1
ER  -