TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2018//
TI  - Neural circuitry underlying sustained attention in healthy adolescents and in ADHD symptomatology
JO  - NeuroImage
A1  - O'Halloran, Laura
A1  - Cao, Zhipeng
A1  - Ruddy, Kathy
A1  - Jollans, Lee
A1  - Albaugh, Matthew D.
A1  - Aleni, Andrea
A1  - Potter, Alexandra S.
A1  - Vahey, Nigel
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Hohmann, Sarah
A1  - Bokde, Arun L. W.
A1  - Bromberg, Uli
A1  - Büchel, Christian
A1  - Quinlan, Erin Burke
A1  - Desrivieres, Sylvane
A1  - Flor, Herta
A1  - Frouin, Vincent
A1  - Gowland, Penny
A1  - Heinz, Andreas
A1  - Ittermann, Bernd
A1  - Nees, Frauke
A1  - Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos
A1  - Paus, Tomas
A1  - Smolka, Michael N.
A1  - Walter, Henrik
A1  - Schumann, Gunter
A1  - Garavan, Hugh
A1  - Kelly, Clare
A1  - Whelan, Robert
SP  - 395
EP  - 406
VL  - 169
IS  - 
N2  - Moment-to-moment reaction time variability on tasks of attention, often quantified by intra-individual response variability (IRV), provides a good indication of the degree to which an individual is vulnerable to lapses in sustained attention. Increased IRV is a hallmark of several disorders of attention, including Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Here, task-based fMRI was used to provide the first examination of how average brain activation and functional connectivity patterns in adolescents are related to individual differences in sustained attention as measured by IRV. We computed IRV in a large sample of adolescents (n = 758) across 'Go' trials of a Stop Signal Task (SST). A data-driven, multi-step analysis approach was used to identify networks associated with low IRV (i.e., good sustained attention) and high IRV (i.e., poorer sustained attention). Low IRV was associated with greater functional segregation (i.e., stronger negative connectivity) amongst an array of brain networks, particularly between cerebellum and motor, cerebellum and prefrontal, and occipital and motor networks. In contrast, high IRV was associated with stronger positive connectivity within the motor network bilaterally and between motor and parietal, prefrontal, and limbic networks. Consistent with these observations, a separate sample of adolescents exhibiting elevated ADHD symptoms had increased fMRI activation and stronger positive connectivity within the same motor network denoting poorer sustained attention, compared to a matched asymptomatic control sample. With respect to the functional connectivity signature of low IRV, there were no statistically significant differences in networks denoting good sustained attention between the ADHD symptom group and asymptomatic control group. We propose that sustained attentional processes are facilitated by an array of neural networks working together, and provide an empirical account of how the functional role of the cerebellum extends to cognition in adolescents. This work highlights the involvement of motor cortex in the integrity of sustained attention, and suggests that atypically strong connectivity within motor networks characterizes poor attentional capacity in both typically developing and ADHD symptomatic adolescents.<br><br>Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1053-8119
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.030
ID  - ref1
ER  -