TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2018//
TI  - Cognition, health-related quality of life, and depression ten years after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: a prospective cohort study
JO  - Journal of neurotrauma
A1  - Grauwmeijer, Erik
A1  - Heijenbrok-Kal, Majanka
A1  - Peppel, Lianne
A1  - Hartjes, Chantal
A1  - Haitsma, Iain
A1  - de Koning, Inge
A1  - Ribbers, Gerard
SP  - 1543
EP  - 1551
VL  - 35
IS  - 13
N2  - The aim of this study was to evaluate cognitive function ten years after moderate-severe TBI and to investigate the associations between cognitive function, depression and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). In this prospective cohort study, with measurements at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 120 months post-TBI, patients aged 18-67 years (N=113) with moderate-severe TBI were recruited. Main outcome measures were depression (CES-D), subjective cognitive functioning (CFQ), objective cognitive functioning, and HRQoL (SF-36). Fifty of the initial 113 patients completed the ten-year follow-up. Twenty percent showed symptoms of depression (CES-D≥16). These patients had more psychiatric symptoms at hospital discharge (p=.048) and were more often referred to rehabilitation or nursing homes (p=.015) than non-depressed patients. Furthermore, they also had significantly lower scores in 6 of the 8 subdomains of the SF-36. The non-depressed patients had equivalent scores compared with the Dutch norm-population on all subdomains of the SF-36. Cognitive problems at hospital discharge were related with worse cognitive outcome ten years post-TBI, but not with depression or HRQoL. Ten years after moderate-severe TBI, only weak associations (p<0.05) between depression scores and two objective cognitive functioning scores were found. However, there were moderate associations (p<0.01) between depression scores, HRQoL, and subjective cognitive functioning. Therefore, signaling and treatment of depressive symptoms after moderate-severe TBI may be of major importance for optimizing HRQoL in the long-term. We did not find strong evidence for associations between depression and objective cognitive functioning in the long-term post-TBI. Disease awareness and selective drop-out may play a role in long-term follow-up studies in moderate-severe TBI. More long-term research is needed in this field.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0897-7151
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/neu.2017.5404
ID  - ref1
ER  -