TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2018//
TI  - Trajectory classes of cannabis use and heavy drinking among rural African American adolescents: multilevel predictors of class membership
JO  - Addiction
A1  - Barton, Allen W.
A1  - Brody, Gene H.
A1  - Zapolski, Tamika C. B.
A1  - Goings, Trenette C.
A1  - Kogan, Steven M.
A1  - Windle, Michael
A1  - Yu, Tianyi
SP  - 1439
EP  - 1449
VL  - 113
IS  - 8
N2  - AIMS: To inform research on the etiology and prevention of substance use among rural African American youth by (a) identifying developmental trajectory classes of cannabis use and heavy drinking across adolescence and young adulthood, and (b) examining associations between trajectory class membership and multi-level assessments of risk factors. <br><br>DESIGN: A prospective study spanning nine years with assessments of cannabis use and heavy drinking, the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine, perceived stress, and psychosocial risk factors. SETTING: Rural communities in the southeastern United States. PARTICIPANTS: African American youth (N = 518). MEASUREMENTS: Participants were assessed for cannabis use and heavy drinking at seven assessments beginning at 16 years of age and continuing to 25 years of age. At age 19, participants provided overnight urine voids that were assayed for catecholamines, a biological marker of life stress resulting from sympathetic nervous system activation. At ages 16 and 19, participants provided information on malleable psychosocial risk factors. <br><br>FINDINGS: Latent class growth models revealed three distinct trajectory classes for cannabis use and for heavy drinking. Higher levels of circulating stress hormones and perceived stress were associated with classes reporting greater substance use over time (all ps <.05). A composite of selected risk factors discriminated class membership (all ps <.05). Trajectory classes characterized by rapid usage increases in early adulthood exhibited the greatest increase in deviant peer affiliations between ages 16 and 19. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Rural African American youths' cannabis use and heavy drinking across adolescence and young adulthood demonstrate distinct developmental courses; a small number of risk factors and measures of biological and perceived stress prognostically differentiate class membership. Variability over time in these measures, specifically an increase in deviant peer affiliation, may help to account for steep increases in young adulthood.<br><br>This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0965-2140
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.14200
ID  - ref1
ER  -